Definition and Examples of the Historical Present Tense

In English grammar, the historical present is the use of a verb phrase in the present tense to refer to an event that took place in the past. In narratives, the historical present may be used to create an effect of immediacy. Also called the  historic present, dramatic present, and narrative present. In rhetoric, the use of the present tense to report on events from the past is called translatio temporum (transfer of times). The term translation is particularly interesting, notes German English literature educator Heinrich Plett, because it is also the Latin word for metaphor. It clearly shows that the historical present only exists as an intended tropical deviation of the past tense. (Plett, Henrich. Rhetoric and Renaissance Culture, Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co., 2004.) Examples and Observations It is a bright summer day in 1947. My father, a fat, funny man with beautiful eyes and a subversive wit, is trying to decide which of his eight children he will take with him to the county fair. My mother, of course, will not go. She is knocked out from getting most of us ready: I hold my neck stiff against the pressure of her knuckles as she hastily completes the braiding and the beribboning of my hair. ... (Walker,  Alice. Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self. In Search of Our Mothers Gardens: Womanist Prose, Harcourt Brace, 1983.) There is a famous story of President Abraham Lincoln, taking a vote at a cabinet meeting on whether to sign the Emancipation Proclamation. All his cabinet secretaries vote nay, whereupon Lincoln raises his right hand and declares: The ayes have it. (Rodman, Peter W.  Presidential Command, Vintage, 2010.) Verbs in the historic present describe something that happened in the past. The present tense is used because the facts are listed as a summary, and the present tense provides a sense of urgency. This historic present tense is also found in news bulletins. The announcer may say at the start, Fire hits a city center building, the government defends the new minister, and in football City, United lose. (Language Notes, BBC World Service.) If you introduce things which are past as present and now taking place, you will make your story no longer a narration but an actuality. (Longinus,  On the Sublime, quoted by Chris Anderson in  Style as Argument: Contemporary American Nonfiction, Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.) An Example of the Historical Present in an EssayI’m nine years old, in bed, in the dark. The detail in the room is perfectly clear. I am lying on my back. I have a greeny-gold quilted eiderdown covering me. I have just calculated that I will be 50 years old in 1997. ‘Fifty’ and ‘1997’ don’t mean a thing to me, aside from being an answer to an arithmetic question I set myself. I try it differently. ‘I will be 50 in 1997.’ 1997 doesn’t matter. ‘I will be 50.’ The statement is absurd. I am nine. ‘I will be ten’ makes sense. ‘I will be 13’ has a dreamlike maturity about it. ‘I will be 50’ is simply a paraphrase of another senseless statement I make to myself at night: ‘I will be dead one day.’ ‘One day I won’t be.’ I have a great determination to feel the sentence as a reality. But it always escapes me. ‘I will be dead’ comes with a picture of a dead body on a bed. But it’s mine, a nine-year-old body. When I make it old, it becomes someone else. I can’t imagine myself dead. I can’t imagine myself dying. Either the effort or the failure to do so makes me feel panicky. ... (Diski, Jenny. Diary,  London Review of Books, October 15, 1998. Report title At Fifty in  The Art of the Essay: The Best of 1999, edited by Phillip Lopate, Anchor Books, 1999.) An Example of the Historical Present in a Memoir  My first conscious direct memory of anything outside myself is not of Duckmore and its estates but of the street. I am adventuring out of our front gate and into the great world beyond. Its a summers day — perhaps this is the very first summer after we moved in when Im not yet three. I walk along the pavement, and on into the endless distances of the street — past the gate of No. 4 — on and bravely on until I find myself in a strange new landscape with its own exotic flora, a mass of sunlit pink blossom on a tangled rambler rose hanging over a garden fence. I have got almost as far as the garden gate of No. 5. At this point, I somehow become aware of how far I am from home and abruptly lose all my taste for exploration. I turn and run back to No. 3. (Frayn, Michael. My Fathers Fortune: A Life, Metropolitan Books, 2010.) The You-Are-There IllusionWhen the reference point of the narration is not the present moment but some point in the past, we have the historical present, in which a writer tries to parachute the reader into the midst of an unfolding story (Genevieve lies awake in bed. A floorboard creaks ... ). The historical present is also often used in the setup of a joke, as in A guy walks into a bar with a duck on his head. ... Though the you-are-there illusion forced by the historical present can be an effective narrative device, it can also feel manipulative. Recently a Canadian columnist complained about a CBC Radio news program that seemed to him to overuse the present tense, as in UN forces open fire on protesters. The director explained to him that the show is supposed to sound less analytic, less reflective and more dynamic, more hot than the flagship nightly news show. (Pinker, Steven.  The Stuff of Thought, Viking, 2007.) A Warning From the PastAvoid the use of the historical present unless the narrative is sufficiently vivid to make the use spontaneous. The historical present is one of the boldest of figures and, as is the case with all figures, its overuse makes a style cheap and ridiculous. (Royster, James Finch and Stith Thompson,  Guide to Composition, Scott Foresman and Company, 1919.)

Essay about The Lottery - 534 Words

Shirley Jacksons, The Lottery, has raised questions in the back of every readers mind towards the destructive yet blind rituals of mankind. A reflection of ourselves is what we see when looking through the pond of Jacksons mind. The Lottery clearly expressed Jacksons feelings concerning traditional rituals through her story, opened the eyes of its readers to properly classify and question some of todays traditions as cruel, and allowed room to foretell the outcome of these unusual traditions. Jacksons feelings towards the misuse of tradition as an excuse to cause harm have triggered her creativity for the creation of The Lottery. Jackson obviously saw examples of this misuse of tradition and ingeniously placed it into an†¦show more content†¦Hazing is a ritual performed in high schools, gangs, colleges, and even your own best friend can be in on it. Perhaps just as barbaric as the stoning, no good at all results from hazing. The running of the bulls, in Italy, may also be co mpared to The Lottery. Many deaths have been cause by the bulls running ramped through the streets, yet this tradition is not about to be abolished due to the endless support of participators along with media and tourists. What does it take to end these cruel and misunderstood traditions and evolve into a more civilized society where we can see what kind of harm they cause? In the story, the townspeople were against abolishing the tradition of stoning and if our society feels the same, there will never be a chance for our civilization to grow together. What ever happened to the townspeople in this story? Could they have finally given in and abolished the lottery for the next year? Perhaps they never did abolish the lottery and eventually destroyed each other on a wide-scale basis. Any way you chose to compare the situations, our future depends heavily upon the allowance of evolution through our present standpoints and how we select to alter it. Human nature will prevail no matter wh at our society wants to alter; however, who is to say that human nature is a violent one without compassion for fellow spirit? ShirleyShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery1112 Words   |  5 PagesPAPER INTERDICIPLINARY LITERATURE â€Å"THE LOTTERY† [pic] Compiled by : Nida Agniya Septiara (F1F010038) Laeli Fadilah (F1F010052) Lisa Ayu Christiana Putri (F1F010022) Yunita Marangin Lumbantoruan (F1F010084) JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE FACULTY HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LITERATURE 2013 INTRODUCTION Read More The Lottery Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesword lottery, you probably think of winning a large sum of money before being stoned to death. quot; The Lotteryquot; by Shirley Jackson brings this horrible idea to life. While the overall mood of the story depicts a typical day in a small rural town, through great use of imagery and irony, one is set up for an unusual ending. Shirley Jackson uses the element of surprise. The way of the story ends is unlike anyone could predict. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main object of The Lottery is theRead MoreThe Lottery Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesJacksons most famous short story, quot;The Lotteryquot;. Her insights and observations about man and society are disturbing; and in the case of quot;The Lottery,quot; they are shocking. quot;The themes themselves are not new, evil cloaked in seeming good, prejudice and hypocrisy, loneliness and frustration, psychological studies of minds that have slipped the bonds of realityquot; (Friedman). Literary critic, Elizabeth Janeway wrote that, quot; The Lottery makes its effect without having to stateRead MoreSummary of The Lottery872 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story that this paper will look at is The Lottery by Shirley Jackson. It was first published in The New Yorker on 26 June 1948. It is one of the most famous short stories in the history of United States literature history. This paper is a summary of the story from my point of view. The Lottery is a work of fiction that demonstrates rebellion and conformity while insinuating that a lottery is part of a ritualistic ceremony. The author was born in 1919. She struggled with depression throughoutRead MoreThe Lottery Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesthe lottery, but not its exact purpose. Do the townspeople know? Is this omission significant? Intentional? No, the townspeople do not know the lottery’s exact purpose. This omission is not significant because it seems there is no point in the lottery and why these people are operating such horrid acts. It is more intentional; the townspeople are playing it safe thinking they are keeping a tradition, yet no one seems brave enough to ask why? 3. Why is much of the history of the lottery andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery 1036 Words   |  5 PagesSince reading The Lottery by Shirely Jackson, I’ve been thinking more about culture, traditions, and perspective. Not just that, but how it can sometimes take adopting an unbiased, non judgmental, or outside perspective in order to see things for what they really are. The way that the narrator in this story adopts such a position allows for a clearer view of the events of the story. In The Lottery, the narrator speaks to us in a non participant and objective manner. We hear and see events unfoldRead MoreLottery Is Good or Not1635 Words   |  7 PagesIs lottery a good idea? These days, a lot of people play lottery and spend a certain amount of money on it while few of them earn back what they spend. Someone says lottery is a kind of tax collected by the government on peoples’ luck and desire to be rich. In another aspect, lottery is also gambling, and it could make people to be a millionaire in a night if the person is lucky enough, however, it has a negative effect that it causes inequality, crimes and so on. So lottery is not a positive ideaRead MoreThe Day Of The Lottery1397 Words   |  6 Pagesin a small town are gathering on a warm, beautiful summer day in the square for the lottery. The children, who have just finished school, are playing while waiting on their parents to meet them in the square and are gathering up rocks into a pile off to the side. Everyone enters the square and the parents call their children over to stand with the family. Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves, the men who conduct the lottery, arrive in the square with the black box. The box is falling apart and Mr. SummersRead More The Lottery Essay946 Words   |  4 Pages The Message Sent in â€Å"The Lottery† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The shock value of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is not only widely known, but also widely felt. Her writing style effectively allows the reader to pass a judgment on themselves and the society in which they live. In â€Å"The Lottery† Jackson is making a comparison to human nature. It is prominent in all human civilizations to take a chance as a source of entertainment and as this chance is taken, something is both won and lost. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsRead MoreThe Lottery. The Lottery Has Three Adaptations And Those1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lottery The Lottery has three adaptations and those would include the Novel, Film, and Graphic Novel. Out of all three each have a somewhat similar setting and character build but also have a little tweak to each one. Now of course when first reading it I thought the setting was more in the old days but soon I found out it was done in a modern time. Each character has a specific role and they do share a story but out of all the adaptations the graphic novel describes them the best. Of course

The And Parental Authority Questionnaire - 1535 Words

The last study was conducted by Ritter (2005). The participants for this study were drawn from the junior and senior classes of a large suburban high school in the Midwest, with participants ranging between the ages of 16 and 18 (Ritter, 2005). The researcher used the Individual Protective Factors Index (Springer Phillips, 1997) and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991). The goal was to determine if an association existed between the developments of resiliency and parenting styles utilizing Baumrind’s parenting style typologies, authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative styles of parenting (Ritter, 2005). Results from the study established that authoritative parenting style was associated with high levels of resiliency, while authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were most often associated with low resiliency (Ritter, 2005). Members of the high resiliency group had a stronger sense of self-efficacy and indicated a higher commitment to their educational pursuits. Participants with high resiliency had more confidence, self-esteem, and had more self-control than participants in low resiliency group. Additionally, those in the high resiliency group scored higher in domains such as assertiveness, cooperation, and confidence and exhibited stronger pro-social values (Ritter, 2005). The majority of individuals in the high resiliency group had at least one authoritative parent, and 84% of participants with high resiliency had both parents who wereShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Use And Alcohol1089 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can be drawn from the literature in regards to the relationship betw een parenting style and alcohol use among adolescences. Based on the literature, adolescences seeks to become more independent from their parents. However, at the same time, parental practice have a great impact on adolescences behavior. The literature supports that having a lack of authoritative (positive) parenting behaviors directly increased adolescents’ risk of partaking in alcohol use. We can hypothesis for this paper thatRead MoreLiterature Review- Parenting Styles and Child Development1737 Words   |  7 Pagesidentified through their children who comprised 347 girls from four schools and 334 boys from four schools chosen by cluster random sampling. The Mothers were given a Children’s Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) Questionnaire and a Parent Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The Parent Authority Questionnaire was designed to measure Baumrind‘s threedimensions: Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive. The Children’s Behavioral Checklist included for ms to evaluate competency, and affective-behavioral problemsRead MoreThe Sampling Technique Used For Students1468 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasure perfectionism and the six dimensions that illustrate the variable (Hibbard Walton, 2014). The six dimensions were concerns over mistakes, personal standards, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubts about actions, and organization. Using quantitative data, participants responded to a Likert-type scale questionnaire ranging from one, meaning that they â€Å"strongly disagree†, to a 5, meaning that they â€Å"strongly agree†. Higher scores† reflect an agreement with a dimension, while â€Å"lowerRead More1. Introduction It cannot be denied that parents play a significant role in all domains of their1700 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction It cannot be denied that parents play a significant role in all domains of their offspring’s life. Education as the most vital domain of children’s life which molds their identity needs monitoring. So parental involvement has always been an inseparable part in educational development of children which studies have confirmed its influence on students’ achievement and academic success (Wright Willis, 2004; Desimone, 1999; Domina, 2005). Behaviors of parents can have a profound influenceRead MoreMother Child And Father Child Relationships Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesMother-Child and Father-Child Relationships â€Å"Parent-Child Relationships, Parental Psychological Control, and Aggression: Maternal and Paternal Relationships† written by Murray, Dwyer, Rubin, Knighton-Wisor and Booth-LaForce (2013) sought to understand the role of paternal and maternal parenting in predicting child developmental outcomes. Specifically, the study focused on the examination of the extent to which quality father-to-child and mother-to-child relationships moderate or lessen the impactRead MoreEssay on Preventing Addiction1567 Words   |  7 Pagesfriendships and communication, relationship between health and addiction, and family. In these themes there were also subthemes. According to the researchers the subthemes of cause of addiction were being free and relaxed, gaining a sense of power and authority, lure of alcohol because it is forbidden and wishing to break the rules, curiosity and wishing to experience new sensations. Subthemes of increases in addiction rates are decrease in addiction onset age, availability of drugs and obtaining themRead MoreAbstract Behavioral Development Is A Crucial Part Of Human1289 Words   |  6 Pagesothers around them. Behavioral development is reliant on on many environmental factors which include one’s parents, siblings, peers, schooling and culture. According to Jacqueline J. Goodnow, these parental factors are often dependent on the culture in which the person was raised. The two parental factors that have a negative effect on a child’s behavioral and psychological development are the parents use of control and rejection. These parenting styles can lead to a child internalizing and externalizingRead MoreThe Importance Of Parents In Education1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lower the scores (Less than 60) the more will be the parental acceptance perceived by the offspring. The internal consistency reliability of the PARQ: Mother was .86 and for father was .84. Procedure: Standard data collection procedure was followed in this study where the participants were briefed about the general purpose of the study. At first, the researcher went to the school and took the formal permission to the school authority as well as some teachers who were included in this procedureRead MoreOutline the Similarities and Differences Between Adorno Et Al.’S (1950) and Altemeyer’s (1981) Approach to Authoritarianism1048 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of authoritarianism. Similarly both bodies of research utilized standardised personality questionnaires as a method to measure beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of the participants. Although the questions in Altemeyer’s Right Wing Authoritarian scale (RWA scale) differed from the Fascism Scale (F-Scale) of Adorno et al, each used a numerical scale against a fixed choice response per questionnaire statement designed to measure particular personality traits. This approach allowed quantitativeRead MoreImmigration Parents Stand As A Newcomer Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesadministrators to recognize and make use of parent knowledge (Guo, 2012). The provision of supports for low-income families enable parents to care for their children and increases parental employment and income have positive impacts on indicators of child well-being (Shields Behram, 2004). The translanguaging events offer insight into parental involvement in an intimate setting with an attitude that embraces bilingualism amid classro om Standard English language learning constraints (Alvarez, 2014). Parent involvement

Hard Data and Soft Technology

Question: Discuss about the Hard Data And Soft Technology? Answer: Introduction: In this report, the various methods that are being used in Cards Galore to collect various data, format them and store them and to disseminate the collected information have been discussed in details: the methods using which the classification of the data collected in this process has also been mentioned in the report. Last but not the least, the legal aspects of the United Kingdom to which each such information system must conform to has also been mentioned in the report. Information collection: Data collection or Information collection methods can be considered as the systematic methods used to collect the information about a specific object that we are interested in: along with the background or precondition under which these objects become functional. In general, the following methodologies are utilized for the process of information: Accessing the available data: The data or information that is being readily available should be utilized for the process of information collection. However, such sets of data may not essentially be studied or analyzed. Information collection through observation: Observation can be considered as the systematic method of observing the objects and making records of their behavioural characteristics for the purpose of information collection. Conducting Interview: A wide range of information can be collected from the subjects being studied, through the processing of conducting interviews. Focus group discussions: Discussions among a focus group of 8 to 12 people can be utilized to reveal a wide range of data or information regarding a specific subject or a situation: data which can be collected if deemed appropriate. Since Cards Galore maintains an official website using which the customers can buy gift items and other stationary products designed and manufactured by the company, the details of these purchases can be collected from the e-billing records maintained by the web portal. The products manufactured by the organization are also available at various other physical stores: the data recorded in those stores regarding the sale of the products of Gift Galore should also be collected. The data collected in these procedures would be helpful in gaining an insight to the popularity of the products designed and manufactured by the company among the customers. This particular information would help the management of the organization to decide whether some of the products need to discontinue from manufacturing or whether some of them should be manufactured more in number to as to meet with the demands in the market. Information Formatting and Storage: The information that is being collected by the Cards galore can be classified as following: The details of the products that that are being manufactured by the company: the revenue generated by each them would provide insight to the popularity of the products among the customers. The number of finished products in the stock: this amount will also be helpful in the process of determining which of the products of the company are actually being ordered by customers. The buying behaviour of the customers: The e-billing records collected from the website and the physical record generated by those stores in which the products of Gifts Galore are being sold need to be collected in order to understand the buying behaviour of the potential customers. The data that are being collected by the organization need to be stored using particular formats so that they be analyzed using some specific strategic analysis tools[1]. The audit reviews and other financial, sales and revenue reports that are generated during the last few day of a financial year utilize these sets of information so as to provide a graphical interpretation of the collected information: as such tables, figures, charts and graphs are more comprehensive that simple numerical values. Thus, the information being collected should be kept in formats that can be used to develop graphical representations: storing data in excel sheets is one example of such formatting[2]. These data sets thus generated would then be stored in an authenticated database, using proper structure and formats, so that they can be retrieved and used at any point in time in the future[3]. Information Dissemination: Information dissemination can be defined as the process using which the information collected and stored by a company is disclosed to the public or to the stockholders of the company. Cards Galore, the organization being considered, can put into use the following methodologies for the process of information dissemination[4]. The financial, sales, revenue and other reports that are being generated in each financial year should be made available to the stakeholders of the company through official electronic mails[5]. The decisions that have been strategized by the management of the organization should also be made available to the stakeholders through official mails. Corporate meetings should also be conducted so as to provide answers to all the queries that would be generated by these stakeholders. The information about the inventory level of each of the departments involved in the process of manufacturing of products would be readily available to all other departments as and when the VPN system is installed: this process will be helpful in the procurement procedure. The various other information that are being collected by the organization will be stored in the database of the organization using appropriate formats: these data sets would be available to all the employees of the organization, provided they have the authority to access such data. Hard Data, Soft Data and their dissemination: Hard data can be defined as those sets of information that have the following characteristics: Statistical data that can be used to describe some aspects of the community that is being described about [6].The copies of the evaluations of the company being made by groups internal or external to the company[7]. The statistical data that can be generated by analysis of the reviews made by the customers. Follow up data on the current and previous clients of the organization. The various information and review reports that discuss about the sales, finance and revenue generation of the organization should be considered as the hard data of Cards Galore. These data are often accessed by the stakeholders of the organization and by the higher management of the organization itself, as such figures help in the process of decision making: thus these data should be stored in the database of the company and should be made readily accessible to those who have the authority to do so. The verbal feedbacks from the various retailers, vendors, suppliers and customers of the organization and the various articles that are published in the media regarding the various products of the company are considered as the soft data of the company: since these data are not directly put to use in any process other than that of marketing, dissemination of such data is not necessary. The electronic information systems that are used to disseminate the hard data should be reliable and consistent: as the presence of ambiguous data might lead to the loss of integrity of the data. Incorporation of inconsistent and unreliable data in review or audit report might lead to the development of erroneous strategies that might lead to disastrous results when implemented. Legal aspects: In the United Kingdom, any information system that is used to store data must conform to the Data Protection Act 1998 (Information Commissioner) administered by the English legal system. The Data Protection Act 1998 had implemented the directive of personal data protection and had replaced the Data Protection Act of 1984[8],[9] . Conclusion and Recommendation: It is recommended to the authorities of Cards Galore to implement the various systems that have been mentioned in this report so as to facilitate the process of information collection, formatting, storage, and dissemination. The classification of the collected data has also been provided in this report, which would be helpful in the process of dissemination. Last but not the least, the management of Cards Galore should see to the fact that the information management system that is being used by the organization conforms to the legislative laws of the United Kingdom[10]. Website Audit As the organization that has been mentioned in LO3 does not have an online presence, the website https://delhicourts.nic.in/ has been reviewed. The website being reviewed has dedicated WebPages for each of the district courts that exists in Delhi: and the home page has links to each one of them. The various other paged that can be reached through this website or which have been linked to this website have also been mentioned under the heading Main Links and various other information that are often been searched by users have been put up under the heading Information which include links to the pages that are dedicated to recruitment, to the Bar Association, to RTI, various Bar Acts and so on and so forth[11]. The webpage has been designed in accordance to the gravity of the department to which it is dedicated to and thus has a minimal usage of images and graphics: however the information provided in this website are authentic and the size and colour of the fonts that have been used make it easier to notice and read the contents effortlessly[12]. However, the WebPages that are dedicated to the district courts do not provide update data on court proceedings. The download links provide access to such documents that are minimalistic in nature and do not provide any detailed information about any of the cases[13]. It is recommended that the authorities that maintain this website should update the information being published in the website in a regular manner[14]. The in detailed reports of the proceedings of the cases should also be provided, in case there exists no legislative act to hinder such publication. Recommendations for the improvement of the information systems used by the organization: After reviewing the website and existing system for the access of the information system of Delhi courts, some under mentioned recommendations are here for Cards Galore- The website of Delhi court, i.e. https://delhicourts.nic.in/ contains the feature to update their viewer with the changes, took place and all the recent notification regarding their process. In this way the Cards Galore can implement their different sections to show their recent arrivals. Cards galore can include a section like history, to make the new customers and suppliers aware about the background of the Cards Galore. ON the other hand, Cards Galore can include another section to communicate with their supplier of raw materials online, which is much like same way the Delhi court website maintain their Tender Bids section[15]. References: Ainsworth D, 'Hard Data And Soft Technology' (1984) 23 Performance Instruction Journal Aronson J, 'Hard Data, Soft Data' (2012) 344 BMJ Bainbridge D and Pearce G, 'The New UK Data Protection Law And The Transitional Provisions' (1999) 15 Computer Law Security Review Bainbridge D and Pearce G, 'The UK Data Protection Act 1998 Data Subjects' Rights' (1998) 14 Computer Law Security Review Banu P and Andrews S, 'Performance Analysis Of Hard And Soft Clustering Approaches For Gene Expression Data' (2015) 2 International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 'Data Protection Laws: UK Lags Behind' (1981) 289 Nature Delhicourts, 'Delhi District Courts' (nic.in, 2015) https://delhicourts.nic.in/ accessed 6 August 2015 DHAWAN S, 'BASICS OF INFORMATION DISSEMINATION' (2015) https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_05.pdf accessed 6 August 2015 Du Y and Zhang T, 'A Novel Interpolation Method Using Soft Data And Hard Data' [2010] IJCTE Hu B, 'Applications Of Interaction Design On The Website Interface Design' (2012) 468-471 AMR Karlsson M, 'Expressions, Emotions, And Website Design' (2007) 3 CoDesign Kim J, 'Web Accessibility-Based Website Design And Realization - With Focus On T-Cast-Integrated Website' (2014) 15 KOREA SCIENCE ART FORUM org, 'The Legal System And Ethics In Information Security' (Sans.org, 2008) https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/legal/legal-system-ethics-information-security-54 accessed 6 August 2015 microsoft.com, 'Business Of IT: Understanding Regulatory Compliance' (Technet.microsoft.com, 2015) https://technet.microsoft.com/en-gb/magazine/2006.09.businessofit.aspx accessed 6 August 2015 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 'AN OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SECURITY STANDARDS' (2008) https://www.infosec.gov.hk/english/technical/files/overview.pdf accessed 6 August 2015 [1] David Ainsworth, 'Hard Data And Soft Technology' (1984) 23 Performance Instruction Journal. [2] J. Aronson, 'Hard Data, Soft Data' (2012) 344 BMJ. [3] David Bainbridge and Graham Pearce, 'The New UK Data Protection Law And The Transitional Provisions' (1999) 15 Computer Law Security Review. [4] S M DHAWAN, 'BASICS OF INFORMATION DISSEMINATION' (2015) https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_05.pdf accessed 6 August 2015. [5] David Bainbridge and Graham Pearce, 'The UK Data Protection Act 1998 Data Subjects' Rights' (1998) 14 Computer Law Security Review. [6] P. K. Nizar Banu and S. Andrews, 'Performance Analysis Of Hard And Soft Clustering Approaches For Gene Expression Data' (2015) 2 International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis. [7] Yi Du and Ting Zhang, 'A Novel Interpolation Method Using Soft Data And Hard Data' [2010] IJCTE. [8] 'Data Protection Laws: UK Lags Behind' (1981) 289 Nature. [9] The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 'AN OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SECURITY STANDARDS' (2008) https://www.infosec.gov.hk/english/technical/files/overview.pdf accessed 6 August 2015. [10] Sans.org, 'The Legal System And Ethics In Information Security' (Sans.org, 2008) https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/legal/legal-system-ethics-information-security-54 accessed 6 August 2015. [11] Delhicourts, 'Delhi District Courts' (Delhicourts.nic.in, 2015) https://delhicourts.nic.in/ accessed 6 August 2015. [12] Bei Hu, 'Applications Of Interaction Design On The Website Interface Design' (2012) 468-471 AMR. [13] M. Karlsson, 'Expressions, Emotions, And Website Design' (2007) 3 CoDesign. [14] Jung Jin Kim, 'Web Accessibility-Based Website Design And Realization - With Focus On T-Cast-Integrated Website' (2014) 15 KOREA SCIENCE ART FORUM. [15] Technet.microsoft.com, 'Business Of IT: Understanding Regulatory Compliance' (Technet.microsoft.com, 2015) https://technet.microsoft.com/en-gb/magazine/2006.09.businessofit.aspx accessed 6 August 2015.